Head-to-head · tax residents 2026
Poland or Uruguay: which should you move to?
Two of Europe's top relocation targets, both with newcomer regimes. Here is how they compare on the taxes that move the needle.
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| Factor |  Poland ↗ |  Uruguay ↗ |
|---|---|---|
| Top personal income tax | 32% | 36% |
| Corporate tax | 19%* | 25%* |
| Capital gains tax | Taxed | Taxed |
| Dividend tax | 19% | 7% |
| VAT / sales tax | 23% | 22% |
| Wealth tax | No | Yes |
| Inheritance tax | Yes | No |
| Foreign income | Worldwide | Territorial |
| Headline expat regime | Lump-sum tax for new residents (foreign income) | New-resident tax holiday (foreign passive income exemption) |
| Cost of living (vs your country) | 52 | 66 |
| Population | 36,435,861 | 3,384,688 |
| Area | 312,685 km² | 176,220 km² |
| Population density | 117/km² | 19/km² |
| Airports (large + medium) | 27 | 7 |
| Annual tourists | 19,723,000 | 3,480,000 |
| Flight time from your country | · | · |
| Direct flight likely? | · | · |
| Life expectancy | 78.8 yrs | 78.3 yrs |
| Safety (homicides/100k) | 0.8 | 11.2 |
| Happiness (0-10) | 6.19 | 6.44 |
| Corruption index (higher = cleaner) | 56/100 | 71/100 |
| Double-tax treaties (approx) | ~90 | ~22 |
| Internet speed (median fixed) | 223 Mbps | 181 Mbps |
| Healthcare spend / person | $2,014 | $2,076 |
| Air quality (PM2.5, lower=better) | 16.52 | 10.85 |
| Time zone (approx) | UTC+1 | UTC-4 |
| Digital nomad visa | · | Yes |
| Official languages | 1 (Polish) | · () |
Green = more favourable. Cost of living shown as a percentage of your home country (under 100% = cheaper than home). Tax data: compiled by us, being re-verified; cost of living: World Bank PPP; area & population: GeoNames; life expectancy & homicide rate: World Bank.
* Poland: 9% reduced rate for small taxpayers (revenue < EUR 2m) on non-capital-gains income; Estonian CIT (lump-sum on distributed profits) optional · Uruguay: IRAE. Territorial/source-based: only Uruguayan-source income taxed. 15% domestic minimum top-up tax (Pillar Two) for large MNE groups.
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